“Nothing is certain but death and taxes” – a quote, from Benjamin Franklin, that we will all have heard at one time. Neither is something we look forward to, but while we can’t do anything much about the former, there is plenty we can do about the latter.

Tax planning can be broadly defined as minimising one’s exposure to tax through ordering one’s financial affairs in such a way that only the right amount of tax due under the law, and no more than that, is paid. Tax planning is completely legal and is actually welcomed by the UK tax authority, HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC)

However, while HMRC wants everyone to pay the right amount of tax it hasn’t got the time or the resources to be able to provide all taxpayers with a comprehensive service to explore each individual’s financial / personal and business circumstances. So, unless your tax affairs are very simple – eg, an employee coming under the PAYE system – there is a very strong chance that you may not be paying exactly the right amount of tax to HMRC. That is not the fault of HMRC or indeed the result of anything you might have done, or not done. There are an awful lot of tax rules out there and the knowledge of what you are entitled to claim in the way of expenses, or what you can legally do to minimise tax, is not common knowledge amongst small business owners.

A quick look around the Internet can thoroughly confuse you about tax as this term is used to cover all sorts of charges and levies that are imposed by local councils as well as HMRC – eg, council tax and business rates.

The main areas of taxation that anyone studying tax planning needs to think about are those run by HMRC – income tax, capital gains tax, National Insurance contributions, VAT and corporation tax, and finally, when we get back to the subject of death, inheritance tax. That seems a reasonably small number to deal with, right? But beware, as within each one of these taxes there are vast numbers of complications, allowances, exemptions, concessions, thresholds, practices, etc. that you probably don’t know about. Do you know for example, if you are running a small business, whether you would be better off forming a company than working as a sole trader or partner?

If HMRC doesn’t have the resources, and the Internet information baffles you, where can you go in order to get good quality tax planning advice? The two areas of expertise to help you are accountants (indeed you may already have one) or if you want a more comprehensive review of all of your financial / taxation circumstances an Independent Financial Advisor, who is likely to be better informed about a whole range of taxation issues. Such a company will probably offer you a free consultation to assess your needs, and will provide a tailor-made service if required.

Keeping a personal budget is not difficult in theory, but it becomes much more difficult to stick with it throughout the month. As a result, it is a good idea to write up a list of tips, as they can keep you focused on the goal at hand. If you can remember these rules, staying within your personal budget becomes much easier.

Avoid Debt

This is the main goal of developing a personal finance plan and it is also the most important thing to remember. You should never spend more money than you earn, as this puts you behind on your quest toward financial freedom.

Once you get yourself out of debt, you can start spending money again. Taking the first step is important, however, and it will take a great deal of discipline.

Pay Yourself First

This might sound like it prolongs your period in debt, but what it truly does is make the situation more livable. Paying yourself does not mean that you go out and blow all of your money right away, but it does mean that you should put money in your savings and retirement funds before you pay your creditors.

By paying yourself first, you ensure that you will always have money around, which can help you to prevent more debt in the future. If you run into an emergency, but have not put enough money into savings, you will end up right back in debt if you do not follow this plan.

Track Expenses

Another difficult aspect of personal finances is tracking your own expenses, but it is very important because it allows you to develop a plan. Save your receipts for everything for a few months, so that you can see exactly what you are spending.

This makes it easier to see where you can cut spending, which allows you to pay off your debt at a faster pace. You would not drive in a strange city without directions or a map, so you should not try to navigate your financial situation without a clear idea of where your money is going.

Stay Within Your Budget

Making a budget is easy, but it is much more difficult to stay within it. If you are committed to saving money, however, a budget can become your best friend.

By giving yourself a monthly allowance, you can be certain that you will never spend more than you make. Of course, that might mean that you have to pass on the Mustang apparel that just went on sale at your favorite store, but it is important as you attempt to reach your financial goals.

Try to Avoid Paying Interest

When you purchase something on credit, you end up paying much more than the sticker price. Therefore, it is always a good idea to save up and pay cash for something, especially if you are making a major purchase.

Of course, it is probably not possible to pay for a new home out of pocket, but you can probably afford to pay for many of your day-to-day expenses without going further into debt.

The monetary system works well, which is why people all over the world have used money for thousands of years. Money has an agreed upon value, a standard by which worth is judged. Our standard is of course the dollar, and no one better than a young person knows the value of a dollar. Why? Because for you, dollars are hard to come by, easy to spend, and difficult to replenish.

Here is how a young person can stack these dollars by acting smartly

Start saving

Saving money is just plain easier if we’re saving for something. The thing we’re saving for is our goal. Our goal can be short-term or long-term, depending on the nature of the purchase. Generally speaking, short-term goals are easier to achieve because our aim is shorter. Long-term goals take years to achieve, but we all have to start somewhere.

Getting Credit

If the companies you want to borrow money from find out you’re negligent about paying your bills, if you’re always late, or always short, you’re going to have to pay more to borrow the money you want. That makes sense, doesn’t it? If you’re considered a risky bet, you have to pay more to borrow money. If on the other hand, you’re always on time, people will trust you more and you won’t have to pay as much for that car loan as the person who’s always late.

Automatic Savings/ Direct Deposit

Banks and other institutions know exactly how hard it is to save money. So they’ve come up with a tool to make it much easier. I’ve used automatic savings for years, and there’s no doubt that it’s helped me achieve some major financial goals. The only thing you need is a job and a bank account.

Here’s how it works:

• Decide how much you want to save
• Decide where you want this saved money to end up
• Save money without worrying about it!

Every month, I have money deducted from my paycheck and deposited into a variety of accounts. The money goes its way without my ever seeing it, in other words, it never makes it into my paycheck, so I don’t have to face the pain of writing a check, or even worse, depositing cash. You sign up in one of two ways. You can contact your human resources office, who should be able to send the money where you want it to go. And if you go from the direction of where you want your money to end up — say you want to open an online savings account and also fund your Roth Individual Retirement Account, then set up the accounts and have those institutions contact your bank account.

Value Investing

Your aim should be to buy good solid companies whose prices are within your budget. You are to then hold those companies until investing in them no longer makes sense. When does investing in a company make no sense? When their fundamentals — how they run their company — are not good, or when a company’s stock price is so expensive that it’s simply too late to count on any further upward momentum.

Look for impressive dividends

Some companies’ dividends are impressive indeed, and if their fundamentals are sound, I suggest that you own a piece of those companies. If it’s a great stock, like Apple was once upon a time, when it cost less than $20 per share, then you hold onto it and don’t ever let it go. Things that make us rich are a blessing, and I say that without one bit of hesitation. Having money in abundance is something to be grateful for, and if we’re able to earn money even while we’re sleeping, we’ve got the right idea.

So, what’s your investing motto? Buy good companies cheaply. If the company offers you the option of re-investing your dividends, act like you’ve got some sense and re-invest them. Buy and hold. Buy and hold.
Here’s what you look at carefully when you’re considering whether to buy shares of a company:

• What is their market capitalization; i.e., how much is the company worth?
• How much debt do they carry?
• Who runs the company? How long has this person been on board?
• What is their price to earnings ratio?
• What do they produce, and is their future outlook rosy or bleak?
• How many employees do they have? Are the employees treated well?
• How long has the company been in business?
• What is the outlook for the future?

How do we as individuals and nations keep up with rising prices when our incomes aren’t keeping pace? We can’t. Not as long as we don’t make a decent amount of money with our investments. Life is scary, unless you just sit around in an easy chair all day. We have to get out there. We have to take risks.

With the economy being stuck in a downturn and the rising cost of living (especially food prices), everybody seems to be cutting costs. Many people need to take out loans just to survive, but they need to be careful about where they go, because there are many places with high interest rates that do more harm than good.

The ideal situation is to stay debt free, but this is not always possible when school fees must be paid and fuel prices keep rising.

Some loans are harder to get then others

Buying a car is more difficult than previous years when, credit checks were not as strict and loans were not so difficult to obtain from financial institutions. These days, many people drive their cars to the end of the vehicle’s lifespan, as new cars are expensive.

Everybody needs money to survive, as well as insurance to protect the assets that they have against crime, damage and disaster. Fortunately, there are many insurers and financial institutions that offer products and loans that have the consumer’s best interests in mind. These companies are linked to a regulatory board that ensures fairness to the consumer or client.

Buying a car is never a simple process, and financing can be a nightmare to get if you don’t have the proper documents and forms. There are many types of contracts or loan types for vehicle finance that can confuse the prospective buyer.

Let’s uncomplicated it

The first step is to apply for financial backing from a bank or credit provider. It is recommended that the client gets as many quotes as possible to compare repayment plans and interest options. Apart from the practical considerations, such as the car’s make, model and features, the following financial questions should be asked:

From a finance point-of-view:

• What size deposit can be put down, and how will it affect the monthly payments?
• Does the dealership give discount for upfront deposits?
• What is the interest rate on the payments?
• What are the options regarding the payment period? Can the car be purchased over five or six years and what are the differences in installments?
• Are payments fixed or will the amount vary with the interest rate?
• Are there any hidden costs or increases in the installments?
• Are there ways to pay off the car faster by paying extra during the months when the budget allows? What bank charges and administrative tasks, if any, are associated with these extra payments?

From an insurance point-of-view:

• Is there a preferred insurer or can the buyer use any company to insure the vehicle?
• Are there special deals with certain insurers that are linked to the car dealership?
• Does the insurance company provide a courtesy car if there is a claim or theft?
• How fast are claims settled?
• How labour intensive is it to claim? Is it the vehicle owner’s responsibility to claim or will there be assistance from insurers?
• What is the excess payment on insurance if a claim is made?
• What are the details covered under insurance? Are the car’s contents covered or is it just the external body of the vehicle?

Buying a car is an expensive, life-changing decision. You can increase the value of your car to get your money’s worth, and extend its life by servicing it regularly and keeping it in optimal condition. Keep the tyres at the right pressure, complete regular checks, and keep the car tidy to obtain maximum usage from the car. The more reliable your car is, the better your chances of getting a good selling price when you want to move on.

Energy efficiency won’t just help save the environment – it can also aid your business.

Not only can it help change any wasteful attitudes of employees but it can also have tangible benefits on the profit margin of your company.

And it has never been more important to save money. The last few years of economic uncertainty has left countless businesses in Britain and around the world struggling to survive – but the evidence is there that energy efficiency can help achieve this. For example, Volvo’s New River Valley Plant in Virginia, the world’s largest truck manufacturer, invested around £550,000 in saving energy prior to the recession and has now saved £1.31 million on their bills and avoided having to fire any staff.

Whether you are adopting an nPower business plan to reduce costs or are simply looking to do your bit for the environment, read on to find out why investing in energy efficiency is the right choice for your company.

No longer hostage to price rises

Like death and taxes, increases in energy prices are all but guaranteed in the future. However by improving your efficiency and thereby reducing your usage, you will help mitigate the damage of price hikes further down the line.

Eco-market is booming

A company can’t buy the kind of positive publicity green policies can drum up for your business. Taking action to reduce your carbon footprint will not only make your company appear socially responsible but could also attract investment from previously untapped markets.

Additionally, investing in energy efficiency can set you apart from the pack and help foster a sense of economy amongst your workforce.

Safe as houses

Investing in energy efficiency is one of the few times in life when you know roughly what benefits your money will generate for you. Unlike turbulent stock markets or frugal bank accounts, saving money through more effective energy use is simple maths. If you use less energy at the same rate then ultimately you will lower your monthly costs – a winning situation in anyone’s books.

More profits, more investments

Improved energy efficiency can help reduce the weight power costs can have on your company’s finances, ultimately allowing you to invest in growing your business rather than only paying your existing bills. This will not only help your competitiveness but could allow you to further invest in green technology, creating a self-fulfilling reduction in energy costs.

Incentivised

Replacing office equipment can drain valuable resources. Investing in more energy efficient technology, even if it is initially more expensive, will usually be worth it in the long term. Green technology is improving every year, with the Energy Star rating system (http://www.energystar.gov/) the simplest way to find the best equipment for you. Finally, energy efficient equipment is often more durable than existing office items, thereby helping to reduce maintenance and future purchase costs.

What have you done to make your business more energy efficient?

Mikael Johansen is a blogger and freelance writer working with a variety of brands. This post has been written for an energy supplier npower.